low toxicity pesticides, and variables reflecting pesticide impacts on biodiversity and operator’s health. The application … focuses on panel data of Dutch cash crop producers. The pesticide contribution on some biodiversity categories are found to …

We show that whether intensive or extensive farming is most beneficial to biodiversity depends on the equilibrium of … agricultural markets. With higher production costs, extensive farming tends to be more beneficial to biodiversity than intensive … farming, except when there is a very high degree of convexity between biodiversity and yield. Extensive farming is detrimental …