Targeted environmental policies for farmlands may improve the cost-efficiency of conservation programs if one can identify the farms that produce public goods, or environmental outputs, with the least cost. We derive shadow values of producing crop diversity on conventional and organic crop...

There is a high potential for simultaneously increasing sustainability of the earth system and economic development by removing inefficiencies currently present both at the production input and output side. In this paper a static view on sustainability is employed, by introducing capacity...

Pure Technical Efficiency scores of Austrian dairy farms are estimated econometrically on the basis of data envelopment analysis and bootstrapping. In a second stage, using the same assumptions on the distribution of error terms, the distances of farms to their production possibility curve are...