During the past two decades, Latin American countries have made pioneering efforts in reforming infrastructure services. The "first generation of reforms" encompassed widespread privatization, deregulation and restructuring of the provision of energy, water, transport and telecommunications...

Entrepreneurial activity is a key contributor to economic growth, innovation and the development of a market economy in transition countries. Data from the Life in Transition Survey reveal that financial sector development and access to credit are the most important drivers of entrepreneurship....

This paper examines the main policy and structural determinants of the intensity of competition at the enterprise level across transition economies, presenting new evidence based on an enterprise-level survey and a legal survey directed to both competition agencies and legal experts in the area...

Recent studies have focused on the characteristics and policies of the state to explain the extent and causes of corruption, with little attention paid to the role played by firms. Consequently, the links between corporate governance and national governance have been unexplored. This paper...

Wide differences between effective or realised average tax rates, and tax yields that would result if statutory tax rates were strictly applied indicate problems with tax compliance and collection. Due to the greater politicisation of tax systems in transition economies (TEs), we would expect...

While development of sound, market-oriented banking systems is fundamental to the transition, bank intermediation remains stunted after a decade or more of reform. This paper examines the impact of banking and enterprise reforms and other factors on banking development in transition economies at...

Most countries commonly classified as ‘in transition’ are still recognisably different in some respects from other countries with a similar income per capita: a larger share of their workforce is in industry, they use more energy, they have a more extensive infrastructure and invest more in...

This paper looks at the relation between foreign direct investment (FDI) and gross fixed capital formation in transition countries as well as other sources of capital formation financing, namely debt financing, capital market financing and subsidies. The paper shows that capital formation is...