Their name suggests that the multilateral development banks (MDBs) should provide finance for investments in human and physical capital that promote development. The interpretation of this broad mandate, however, has changed significantly over time. One reassessment occurred when the European...

The 15 newly independent states that emerged from the breakdown of the Soviet Union are now celebrating their 10th anniversary of independence. This paper looks back over the first decade and draws some lessons from the experience made to date. It focuses on the energy-rich states of the...

Capital flight is a fuzzy and unhelpful concept. Russian capital outflows should be analysed in a wider context involving all major determinants of the risk and return faced by Russian savers and investors. Building saver/investor confidence and strengthening the credibility of policies and...