Entrepreneurial activity is a key contributor to economic growth, innovation and the development of a market economy in transition countries. Data from the Life in Transition Survey reveal that financial sector development and access to credit are the most important drivers of entrepreneurship....

This paper examines the main policy and structural determinants of the intensity of competition at the enterprise level across transition economies, presenting new evidence based on an enterprise-level survey and a legal survey directed to both competition agencies and legal experts in the area...

The economies of central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have traditionally been very energy intensive. Energy intensity (defined as energy use per GDP) has decreased in the course of transition, but progress has been uneven and most transition countries still use several times as...

This paper examines the different strategies adopted by individuals in transition economies to cope with labour market restructuring. Using micro-data from seven countries at different stages of transition, we focus on “active” coping strategies, in particular mobility and entrepreneurship....

This paper examines the performance of 515 banks in 16 transition economies for the years 1994-99 based on their public financial accounts. We first examine lending behaviour and probability distribution of bank profitability to determine whether these banks exhibit behaviour and performance...

We analyse the principal objectives and constraints of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), using data from a survey of 437 owners and top managers (CEOs) of SMEs in Russia and Bulgaria. The CEOs display similar views and identify a small number of specific constraints as being the most...

This paper analyses the results from a survey conducted in 1999 of more than 100 enterprises in Albania. The main finding of the survey is that registered businesses regard competition from the informal sector as the most important problem they face in doing business. Unregistered firms have a...

We study the nexus between enterprises and the state in transition countries, using new enterprise survey data. We examine the quality of governance, state intervention in enterprise decision-making, state benefits to firms and corruption payments. The quality of governance varies both across...

Under the Kyoto Protocol, transition countries are expected to become important players in the emerging market for greenhouse gas emission reductions, as they can reduce emissions at a relatively low cost. However, the attractiveness of the region as a supplier of emission reductions will not...

The paper analyses optimal contract design in various municipal infrastructure settings. Particular contract types considered are concessions, management contracts and service contracts. The last of these is defined as a contract between a municipal-owned company and a municipality. The paper...