This paper examines the impact of downward wage rigidity (nominal and real) onoptimal steady-state inflation. For this … andFinland). The calibrated heterogeneous agent models are then solved for differentsteady state rates of inflation to derive …

We reappraise the relationship between productivity and equilibrium real exchange rates using a panel estimation … role of non-traded, as well as traded, sector productivity shocks in exchange rate determination. We find evidence of … significant correlation between real exchange rates and productivity differentials in both sectors. But our finding of a …

persistence typically proceed along two distinct paths, resorting either to the presence of real shocks such as productivity …