This paper examines the impact of downward wage rigidity (nominal and real) onoptimal steady-state inflation. For this … andFinland). The calibrated heterogeneous agent models are then solved for differentsteady state rates of inflation to derive …

. Quantitative goals take three forms: exchange rates, money growth rates, and inflation targets. We analyze the effects on inflation … determinants of inflation (such as fiscal policy, the business cycle, and openness to international trade), and the endogeneity of … systematically and robustly associated with lower inflation. The exact form of the monetary target matters somewhat (especially for …

indicators in predicting euro area HICP inflation out-of-sample over the period first quarter 1999 till third quarter 2006 …

creating inflation). Finally, I show that the highest welfare level is achieved when counterfeiting is costly, or when the …