’ international equity trades: (i ) trading by US investors occurs in bursts of simultaneous buying and selling, (ii ) Americans build …

international monetary system is already tri-polar. However, we also find that China’s currency movements are to some extent …This paper assesses whether the international monetary system is already tripolar and centred around the US dollar, the … is already the dominant currency in Asia, exerting a large influence on exchange rate and monetary policies in the region …

This paper offers new evidence on the emergence of the dollar as the leading international currency, focusing on its … role as currency of denomination in global bond markets. We show that the dollar overtook sterling much earlier than … surmount sterling’s head start. The finding that a shift from a unipolar to a multipolar international monetary and financial …

The main strength of today’s international monetary system – its flexibility and adaptability to the different needs of … a systematic review of the literature on the current international monetary system, in particular its functioning and …

The main strength of today’s international monetary system – its flexibility and adaptability to the different needs of … a systematic review of the literature on the current international monetary system, in particular its functioning and …

currency distribution of international portfolio investments, such as relative market liquidity and relative risk … are available, the euro immediately became the second most widely used currency for international financing and investment …This paper provides a broad empirical examination of the major currencies' roles in international capital markets, with …