affect the firms' demand on foreign markets to instrument yearly variations in exports. We use alternatively as instruments …

intermediate position, whereas in Italy competition declined significantly over time. The French, Japanese and UK loan markets were …This paper is the first that applies a new measure of competition, the Boone indicator, to the banking industry. This … approach is able to measure competition of bank market segments, such as the loan market, whereas many well-known measures of …

policy perspective, it highlights the importance of structural reforms that help enhance competition in this sector. This …

This paper analyses the impact of loan market competition on the interest rates applied by euro area banks to loans and … deposits during the 1994-2004 period, using a novel measure of competition called the Boone indicator. We find evidence that … stronger competition implies significantly lower spreads between bank and market interest rates for most loan market products …

In this paper we explore the link between the intensity of product market competition and inflation rates across EU … over time and as alternative proxies of competition we use the level of mark-up, profit margin, the profit rate and a … survey based “intensity of competition” variable. Results for both aggregate and sectoral panels show that the extent of …

competition intensifies, prospecting for loans becomes more important and banks' internal agency problem worsens. In response to … more competition, banks lower lending standards, may choose to disregard soft and use only hard information in their credit …