related payment and settlement systems. At the heart of systemic risk are contagion effects, various forms of external effects … rigorous models of bank and payment system contagion have now been developed, although a general theoretical paradigm is still … missing. Direct econometric tests of bank contagion effects seem to be mainly limited to the United States. Empirical studies …

unexplained increases in factor loadings as indicative of contagion. We find evidence of systematic contagion from US markets and … contagion from domestic equity markets to individual domestic equity portfolios, with its severity inversely related to the …

debt crisis. It shows that a deterioration in countries’ fundamentals and fundamentals contagion – a sharp rise in the … spreads during the crisis, not only for euro area countries but globally. By contrast, regional spill overs and contagion have … been less important, including for euro area countries. The paper also finds evidence for herding contagion – sharp …

This paper examines common regulation as cause of interbank contagion. Studies based on the correlation of bank assets … and the extent of interbank lending may underestimate the likelihood of contagion because they do not incorporate the fact …