This paper explores empirically the cost channel of monetary policy transmission during the recent period of monetary policy tightening in the euro area. We combine unique data on firms' selling price expectation from the Survey on the access to finance of enterprises (SAFE), information on...

The financial crisis has been characterised by fragmentation in the transmission of monetary policy, reflected in high dispersion in the cost of bank finance for euro area firms. Using micro-level bank data across a number of euro area countries, we identify individual bank balance sheet...

Policy impact studies often suffer from endogeneity problems. Consider the case of the ECB Securities Markets Programme: if Eurosystem interventions were triggered by sudden and strong price deteriorations, looking at daily price changes may bias downwards the correlation between yields and the...

Monetary policy can have contrasting effects on economic inequality via distinct channels. We examine the effect working via the credit channel, whereby monetary policy induces heterogeneous access to credit for business owners based on their wealth. Using unique data on business loan...

This paper examines the asymmetry in global spillovers from Fed policy across tightening versus easing episodes several examples of which have been on display since the global financial crisis (GFC). We build a dynamic general equilibrium model featuring: (i) occasionally binding collateral...

This paper examines how credit market frictions affect optimal monetary policy and if there is a role for central bank asset purchases. We develop a sticky price model where money serves as the means of payment and ex-ante identical agents borrow/lend among each other. The credit market is...

The management report is an integral part of the ECB's Annual Accounts and is designed to provide readers with contextual information related to the financial statements. Given that the ECB's activities and operations are undertaken in support of its policy objectives, the ECB's financial...

At the start of 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic continued to affect the daily operations of the ECB, as staff attendance at its premises was still impacted by travel restrictions, social distancing requirements and remote working practices. From May onwards, the restrictions and security...

At the start of 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic continued to affect the daily operations of the ECB, as staff attendance at its premises was still impacted by travel restrictions, social distancing requirements and remote working practices. From May onwards, the restrictions and security...