edition of the publication u0093Bond markets and long-term interest rates in non-euro area Member States of the European Union … this third edition has been extended to include all thirteen non-euro area EU member states and two accession countries …

This paper assesses the Euro’s influence upon European trade by estimating two different indicators. The first is the … with its trade partners. This study of the Euro’s influence by means of the Border Effect is a novelty in the literature …, it reveals that the Euro’s influence upon trade is not so clear as papers focused only on the Rose Effect claim. This …

, volatility has been historically higher and this has not changed in the last ten years. We also find that the aggregate euro area … and US observed developments. The gap between US and euro area GDP per capita level has been 30% on average since 1970 and …

economies (EMEs) on configurations between the US dollar, the euro and the yen. Given the difficulty that fixed or managed US … have a statistically but also an economically significant impact on the euro, and to a lesser extent the yen against the US … the appreciation of the euro against the US dollar in recent years. Interestingly, EME policy-makers appear to have become …