Afonso, António; Gomes, Pedro; Taamouti, Abderrahim - European Central Bank - 2014
filtered using EGARCH specifications. The estimation results show that upgrades do not have significant effects on volatility …, but downgrades increase stock and bond market volatility. Contagion is present, with sovereign rating announcements … (increase) in volatility in other countries. The empirical results show also a financial gain and risk (value-at-risk) reduction …