After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the previous economic system, the countries of central and eastern Europe went into a deep economic recession, resulting in a decline in Gross Domestic Product that was mirrored by a serious downturn in the transport sector. The transport...

During the transformation of planned economies to market economies subsidies can play a dual role: they can be used either to make enterprises viable in a market environment or to perpetuate structural adjustment problems. In consequence they may either foster or distort Community an din a wider...