As part of their respective mandates to protect investors, depositors and policy holders, the three European Supervisory Authorities, the EBA, ESMA and EIOPA are concerned about the practices used by some financial institutions to comply with enhanced prudential requirements under the CRD/R IV,...

One of the objectives of the CRA Regulation is to increase competition in the markets for credit ratings by encouraging issuers to use smaller credit rating agencies. To this end, Article 8d(1) of the CRA Regulation states that where issuers or related third parties intend to appoint at least...

This report focuses on the linkages between the due diligence requirements which apply to investors and the disclosure requirements which apply to the issuer, originator and sponsor. This is in order to highlight whether investors are effectively protected and whether the supervision framework...