This article analyses the contribution of E3 models to fully understand the complex relationship between the environment, economics and the energy sector. We present a survey of the literature on these models, analyzing the assumptions, features and scope of the main kinds of methodological...

The rapid growth in the consumption of electricity in China and India has been covered at 80% by coal, which has the side effect of emitting CO2 to the atmosphere. The alternative is the use of nuclear energy that, to become unquestionably competitive, must use supercritical water as coolant....

Over the last years renewable energy sources (RES) have increased their share on electricity generation of most developed economies due to environmental and security of supply concerns. The aim of this paper was to analyze how an increasing share of RES on electricity generation (RES-E) affects...

Nuclear energy is economic and does not emit CO2 but has two central setbacks. First, it has not been yet implemented an efficient method of disposing the spent fuel. Second, the reactors’ complexity is expensive and turns possible the occurrence of accidents. In this paper, first I propose a...

In the past Portugal managed to grow at a significant rate, but the pace has getting slower and slower from decade to decade, until becoming practically stagnant in the first decade of the 21st century. This stumpy growth together with the current debt crisis has fed the rhetoric of structural...

The phenomenon of population ageing and its influence on the economic growth of countries has long been the focus of major concern for both governments and the scientific community. Considering the scientific contributions that have been published on the matter in recent years, it seems timely...

Although the analysis of the relationship between international trade and economic growth has an important tradition in the economic literature, the specific focus on a related matter, the link between export variety and economic growth, remains a relatively unexplored field of research....

This paper deals with the relationship between innovation and economic growth in the context of developed world. After examining the correlation between economic growth and R&D (research and development) intensity, and given that the impact of R&D on economic growth is mediated by the rate of...

The main aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive survey of the economic literature on structural change. Along with an insightful literature review of the seminal contributions in the field, we perform a quantitative analysis that takes into account all the theoretical and empirical...

An important characteristic of the role of foreign trade in the technological catch-up of countries is the complementary nature of technological change and human capital formation. In this context, the level of education is likely to have a crucial impact on total factor productivity because it...