This paper introduces a new estimator to measure the ex-post covariation between high-frequency financial time series under market microstructure noise. We provide an asymptotic limit theory (including feasible central limit theorems) for standard methods such as regression, correlation analysis...

In this paper, we show how simple pre-averaging can be applied to measure the ex-post covariance of high-frequency financial time series under market microstructure noise and non-synchronous trading. A modulated realised covariance based on pre-averaged data is proposed and studied in this...