The co-existence of franchised and company-owned stores influences the dynamic of innovation in franchise systems as well as the balance of power between franchisees and their chain. We report on case studies of five franchise system. We focus on how innovation and authority are interrelated in...

Franchises are peculiar in two ways: first, the authority of franchisees is largely informal rather than formal. The efficiency of franchises is often attributed to their initiative and autonomy. Yet, in franchise contracts, franchisees agree to submit to the sometimes arbitrary will of the...

There has been much controversy over the merits of government regulation to protect growers and franchisees from hold-up at the hands of integrators and franchisors. Typically, economic argument have discouraged regulation, since direct evidence for hold-up is weak and bargaining should yield...