. The bankruptcy code is a "primitive creditor system" and financial distress leads to an arbitration between private … agreement and costly formal bankruptcy. We consider a standard debt contract between a bank and a small firm, both risk … show that costly formal bankruptcies may occur at equilibrium and the internalization of bankruptcy costs is impossible …

The aim of this paper is to provide new evidence on the value-creation process taking place in bankruptcy procedures … extent the debtor’s value can be preserved under bankruptcy by analyzing the recovery rates in France, Germany, and the … United Kingdom. We use a unique European sample of 900 corporate bankruptcy files that were manually collected in commercial …

bankruptcy procedure is triggered off. This arbitration depends on the legal context and, more specifically, on the national … bankruptcy code. No study has been done on the French Civil Law. Yet, this legal system has inspired other important legislations … inclination for liquidation, collaterals may increase the occurrence of bankruptcy, provided the law facilitates such liquidation …