, eligibility for Medicaid was expanded dramatically for pregnant women and children during the 1980s and early 1990s. By lowering … the costs of prenatal care, delivery, and child health care for some individuals, Medicaid expansions may prompt some … for Medicaid and birth rates among various groups. The results suggest that expansions have significant and sizable …

as Medicaid and food stamp programs, for the aged. We find that U.S. means-tested social insurance programs for retirees …