"This paper empirically examines the effects of market size on producers' sizes in retail trade industries with many … implies that larger and more competitive markets have larger producers. Our estimated market size effects indicate whether or …, producers are larger in larger markets, even after controlling for differences between markets' demographic and factor prices …

identification strategy to estimate the effect of the price of gasoline on consumer demand for fuel economy. We control for … unobserved vehicle and consumer characteristics by using within model-year changes in the price of gasoline and vehicle sales. We … find a significant demand response, as nearly half of the decline in market share of U.S. manufacturers from 2002-2007 was …

The 1987 market crash was associated with a dramatic and permanent steepening of the implied volatility curve for … the updating of agents' beliefs about the likelihood of future jumps, which produces a market crash and a permanent shift … in option prices. Consumption and dividends remain smooth, and the model is consistent with salient features of …