not accounted for by differences in workers' characteristics, occupations, nor for differences in the employers' locations …

This paper exploits a unique offshoring survey to show that firms continue domestic production of the same goods they …. Firms' reactions also motivate a new offshoring measure - produced- good imports - that is readily observed in most firm …

The rise of offshoring of intermediate inputs raises important questions for commercial policy. Do the distinguishing … features of offshoring introduce novel reasons for trade policy intervention? Does offshoring create new problems of global … perform in a world where offshoring is prevalent? In this paper we provide answers to these questions, and thereby initiate …

offshoring in the short run and in the long run (when technology levels are endogenous). The short-run analysis shows that when … research efforts in response to increased offshoring. In particular, the rich country always gains from increased fragmentation …

- spaghetti bowls as building blocs - whereby offshoring creates a force that encourages the multilateralisation of regionalism …

We identify "first generation" statistics to measure offshoring as the share of imported intermediate inputs in costs … demand and relative wages due to offshoring. A limitation of these statistics is that they cannot be used to measure the … impact on real wages, and for that purpose, we need price-based measures of offshoring. More recently, "second generation …

We survey the recent empirical literature on the effects of offshoring on wages, employment and displacement. We start … with the measurement of offshoring, focusing on the use of imported inputs that could have been produced by the importing … firm. We overview key theories related to offshoring and its labor market effects and survey three waves of the literature …

faster task offshoring in sectors exposed to lower labour-market tightness. We discuss policy implications of these findings …