We construct a model of offshoring with externalities and firm heterogeneity. Due to the presence of externalities …, temporary shocks like the Y2K problem can have permanent effects, i.e., they can permanently raise the extent of offshoring in … an industry. Also, the initial advantage of a country as a potential host for outsourcing activities can create a lock in …

outsourcing decisions are affected by changes in country and competitor costs. A number of interesting regularities emerge. When a … developed countries. In many cases, the measured responses to cost changes appear to correspond with outsourcing theories that …

not accounted for by differences in workers' characteristics, occupations, nor for differences in the employers' locations …

This paper examines the relationship between the share of employment potentially affected by offshoring and economic … statistical association between the share of both "non-clerical" and clerical occupations potentially affected by offshoring and …

correspond to an increase in outsourcing by multinationals from the United States and other Northern countries, is to shift …

Estimating the causal effect of offshoring on domestic employment is difficult because of the inherent simultaneity of …. Underlying these results is substantial heterogeneity based on offshoring margin and firm organizational structure. For example …

We identify "first generation" statistics to measure offshoring as the share of imported intermediate inputs in costs … demand and relative wages due to offshoring. A limitation of these statistics is that they cannot be used to measure the … impact on real wages, and for that purpose, we need price-based measures of offshoring. More recently, "second generation …

Ricardian model of offshoring. A unique final good is produced by combining a skilled and an unskilled product, each produced …-scarce East. Profit maximization determines both the extent of offshoring and technological progress. Offshoring induces skill … relevant case, starting from low levels, an increase in offshoring opportunities triggers a transition with falling real wages …

that credit unions choose: one is a partial form of outsourcing while the other is more complete. This allows us to …