not accounted for by differences in workers' characteristics, occupations, nor for differences in the employers' locations …

possibility that freer trade also alters the firm-size distribution via international firm migration (offshoring); firms must, by … assumption, produce in their 'birth nation.' We show that when firms are allowed to switch locations, new productivity effects …

integration of commodity markets (i.e., free trade) and international integration of factor markets (i.e., offshoring). In a two …-country, two-good, two-factor model we show that free trade and offshoring have opposite effects on rich-country workers. Free … trade hurts rich-country workers, while reducing the volatility of their wages; by contrast, offshoring benefits them, while …

correspond to an increase in outsourcing by multinationals from the United States and other Northern countries, is to shift …

We identify "first generation" statistics to measure offshoring as the share of imported intermediate inputs in costs … demand and relative wages due to offshoring. A limitation of these statistics is that they cannot be used to measure the … impact on real wages, and for that purpose, we need price-based measures of offshoring. More recently, "second generation …

We survey the recent empirical literature on the effects of offshoring on wages, employment and displacement. We start … with the measurement of offshoring, focusing on the use of imported inputs that could have been produced by the importing … firm. We overview key theories related to offshoring and its labor market effects and survey three waves of the literature …

effects of globalization, with offshoring to low wage countries and imports both associated with wage declines for US workers … offshoring to China has also contributed to wage declines among US workers. However, the role of trade is quantitatively much … more important. We also explore the impact of trade and offshoring on labor force participation rates. While offshoring to …