loans are reciprocal in the sense that lead arrangers also participate in loans that are led by their participant lenders. I … monitoring effort enhances lead arrangers' ability to profit from participating in loans led by others. The model generates ….3% less of the loans with reciprocity than those without reciprocity, (ii) the average interest spread over LIBOR on drawn …

-guarantee program. Using a panel data set of SBA-guaranteed loans we assess whether SBA-guaranteed lending has an observable impact on …

-guarantee program. Using a panel data set of SBA-guaranteed loans we assess whether SBA-guaranteed lending has an observable impact on …

An examination of the role of foreign banks in the loan sales market, finding that the motives for loan sales and … purchases differ between U.S. and foreign-owned banks and between foreign banks of different regions, which is consistent with … foreign banks' using the market for diversification. …

Foreign-exchange operations did not end after the United States stopped its activist approach to intervention. Japan …, Switzerland has transacted in foreign exchange both for monetary and exchange rate purposes, and key central banks have used swap … their actions may hamper the development of their own foreign-exchange markets. China’s undervalued exchange rate is …