A test of whether the enactment of a dedicated tax leads to higher payroll and wages for public employees, by means of survey results from the local mass-transit industry.

An examination of capital policies in the public and private sector through analysis of the scrappage decisions of local mass-transit providers, showing that the structure of federal grants has a direct impact on scrappage rates that leads to shorter equipment life in the local public sector.

A discussion of whether public outlays influence private investment, modeling the timing and effectiveness of public infrastructure as a local policy instrument.