, the U.S. dollar is predominant in international trade and financial flows. The dollar acts as a "vehicle currency" in the … sense that agents in nondollar economies will generally engage in currency trade indirectly using the U.S. dollar rather …

delivered a currency that retains its purchasing power at least as well as the dollar, there are at least three reasons why the … euro is unlikely to displace the dollar as the dominant international currency in the near term. First, the growth …

This paper analyses the impact of the shift away from a U.S. dollar focus of systemically important emerging market … economies (EMEs) on configurations between the U.S. dollar, the euro and the yen. Given the difficulty that fixed or managed U ….S. dollar exchange rate regimes remain pervasive and reserve compositions mostly kept secret, the identification strategy of the …