of 2009, including the unemployment, inflow, and outflow rates by workers of different educational attainment. We … the short term, but can cause a higher equilibrium unemployment rate in the long term. Employment subsidies succeed in … lowering the unemployment rate permanently, but the policy entails high fiscal costs. …

This paper examines the causes of the observed increase in the average duration of unemployment over the past thirty … in the generosity and coverage of unemployment insurance. We find that changes in the composition of the labor force and … institutional changes can only partially account for the longer duration of unemployment. We construct a job search model and …

risk of unemployment during recessions than are skilled workers. Moreover, unskilled workers earn less income, which limits … their ability to self-insure. We examine how this heterogeneity in unemployment risk and income translates into …

hiring and firing costs, search frictions with vacancy costs, unemployment benefits, firm entry costs, and a tax wedge …

and increased the dispersion and level of unemployment during the Great Recession. We construct an equilibrium model of … prices reduces migration and causes unemployment to rise differently in different locations. The model accounts for 90 … percent of the increase in geographical dispersion of unemployment and the entire decline in net migration. However, despite …

by a cyclical shift in the observable characteristics of the unemployed. Individual responses to labor market conditions …