of 2009, including the unemployment, inflow, and outflow rates by workers of different educational attainment. We … the short term, but can cause a higher equilibrium unemployment rate in the long term. Employment subsidies succeed in … lowering the unemployment rate permanently, but the policy entails high fiscal costs. …

This paper examines the causes of the observed increase in the average duration of unemployment over the past thirty … in the generosity and coverage of unemployment insurance. We find that changes in the composition of the labor force and … institutional changes can only partially account for the longer duration of unemployment. We construct a job search model and …