estimators are then used as a laboratory to measure the relationship between increasing Chinese competition and the components of … increasing their marginal cost (raising prices by up to 50 percent). The fact that marginal cost increased as competition … the dual nature of trade’s procompetitive effects; exporters respond to tougher competition by simultaneously adjusting …

industry is unusual because there exist two horizontally segmented retail markets with different degrees of competition: the … predicts that competition is the key driver of the rate at which technology is adopted. …

?globalization backlash? lowers the degree of competition in import-competing sectors, and compare the implications of higher markups …

industries face little competitive pressure to reduce discrimination, an increase in competition from increased trade should lead … wage gap that are unrelated to competitive pressures. The findings indicate that increased competition through trade did …