Until 1935, Federal Reserve Banks from time to time purchased short-term securities directly from the United States Treasury to facilitate Treasury cash management operations. The authority to undertake such purchases provided a robust safety net that ensured Treasury could meet its obligations...

Remarks at the Chapter 9 and Alternatives for Distressed Municipalities and States Workshop, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York City.

This paper examines how the scale and composition of public debt can affect economies that implement a combination of “passive” monetary policy and “active” fiscal policy. This policy configuration is argued to be of both historical and contemporary interest in the cases of the U.S. and...

Remarks at the Japan Society, New York City.

Remarks at the Whitman School of Management at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York.

Remarks at Queens Chamber of Commerce and Queens Economic Development Corporation, Flushing, New York City.

Remarks at Queens College, Flushing, New York.

Remarks at the Economic Club of New York, New York City.

Remarks before the Morris County Chamber of Commerce, Florham Park, New Jersey.