recognition to the intertemporal nature of households' saving decisions. Like traditional IS-LM, however, the optimizing version … tends to understate the value of money as an indicator for monetary policy. …

implementation of the infrastructure investment program, higher domestic saving, and structural reforms. … dividend of a rapidly expanding labor force is fading and further structural declines in unemployment are likely to be limited …

. Specifically, they characterize the optimal return on money in the presence of credit arrangements. There is a dual role for credit …: It allows buyers to trade without fiat money and also permits them to borrow against future income. However, not all … traders have access to credit. As a result, there is a social role for fiat money because it allows agents to self …

rate. Money’s role in monetary policy has been tertiary, at best. Indeed, several influential economists have suggested … that money is irrelevant for monetary policy. They suggest that central banks can control inflation by (i) controlling a … rate in order to exert greater control over longer-term rates. I offer an alternative perspective: namely, that money is …

stagnation. Rising equity values stimulated consumption, and exports rebounded supported by strong regional demand and a weaker …