How does access to credit impact consumption volatility? Theory and evidence from advanced economies suggests that … greater household access to finance smooths consumption. Evidence from emerging markets, where consumption is usually more … volatile than income, indicates that financial reform further increases the volatility of consumption relative to output. We …

. Specifically, they characterize the optimal return on money in the presence of credit arrangements. There is a dual role for credit …: It allows buyers to trade without fiat money and also permits them to borrow against future income. However, not all … traders have access to credit. As a result, there is a social role for fiat money because it allows agents to self …

This paper examines the impact of interest rates and inflation on bank loans and investment within a framework that … treating the lending and deposit rates of interest as distinct parameters in investment equations. The spread between the two …

Lagos and Wright (2005) demonstrate how the essential properties of a money-search model are preserved in an … markets under limited commitment and private information. The analysis demonstrates clearly how insurance, credit, and money … the Friedman rule. In particular, I find that the same frictions that render money essential may at the same time operate …

substantially changes the dynamics in the model, allowing agents to significantly smooth consumption and reduce the movements in …

which inside money is created, does not require any act of intentional saving. The mechanism allowing banks to lend deposits … inside money creation from lending, and distributing it on a nonlending basis to depositors through specialized payment …

Investment across the euro area remains below its pre-crisis level. Its performance has been weaker than in most …, corporate leverage, and uncertainty. There is a considerable cross country heterogeneity in terms of both investment dymanics … and its determinants. Based on the findings of this paper, investment is expected to pick up as the recovery strengthens …