We study liquidity conditions in the corporate bond market during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the effects of the … unprecedented interventions by the Federal Reserve. We find that, at the height of the crisis, liquidity conditions deteriorated … "lean against the wind" and bid-ask spreads declined. To study the causal impact of the interventions on market liquidity …

compares the Federal Reserve's actions with the literature on optimal policy in a liquidity trap. The theory suggests that, to … securities markets can restore liquidity with fewer government funds than extending credit to the originators of loans …

tightening. We offer new evidence to confirm these findings, and then propose a theory based on the liquidity of U.S. government … liabilities held by the public. We hypothesize that QE, by increasing liquidity, offers greater flexibility for investors that … investments in illiquid loans to emerging markets. The effect of increasing the liquidity of U.S. government liabilities on …

in 2017, there was no commensurate shrinkage of these claims on liquidity. Consequently, the financial sector was left … more sensitive to potential liquidity shocks, with weaker-capitalized banks most exposed. This necessitated Fed liquidity … provision in September 2019 and again in March 2020. Liquidity-risk-exposed banks suffered the most drawdowns and the largest …