comparable to that of returns in stock markets. Evidence is shown that there may be only minimal possibility of cross hedging … examined. Such markets, by allowing hedging of these aggregate income risks, might make for dramatically more effective …

One of the most critical concerns that customers have voiced in the debate over real-time retail electricity pricing is … that they would be exposed to risk from fluctuations in their electricity cost. The concern seems to be that a customer … very simple hedging strategies can eliminate more than 80% of the bill volatility that would otherwise occur. Far from …