I study whether commercial banks can improve their supervisory ratings by switching charters. I use the fees charged by … chartering authorities to establish a causal effect from switching on ratings. Banks receive more favorable ratings after they …, banks that switch charters fail more often than others. These results suggest that banks can arbitrage ratings by switching …

structure of the debit card payment processing industry and caps debit card interchange fees for banks with over $10 billion in … increases in customer account fees. Some participants also predicted that banks would cut costs in response to the law by … fee income fell for treated banks, leading to a fall in noninterest income. We also find that banks only partially offset …

, and local versus nonlocal banks – in banking relationships. The conventional paradigm suggests that "community banks …

We examine the business model of traditional commercial banks in the context of their co-existence with shadow banks … banks create safe claims with a combination of costly equity capital and fixed income assets that allows their depositors to … contrast, shadow banks create safe claims by giving their investors an early exit option that allows them to seize collateral …

Using Bayesian methods, I estimate a DSGE model where a recession is initiated by losses suffered by banks and … banks hold little equity in excess of regulatory requirements, the losses require them to react immediately, either by … recapitalizing or by deleveraging. By deleveraging, banks transform the initial shock into a credit crunch, and, to the extent that …