these two markets with the regulatory environment for banks in Japan, with Japan's overall external financial position, as … environment in Japan, including restraints on interest rates, and possible quantitative restraints, has had an important impact on … States as substitutes for their head offices in extending commercial and industrial loans to Japan-based companies as well as …

is warranted. ; We then turn to the adjustment process. First, we present evidence that a narrowing of Japan's record … be counter-productive. The model shows that this outcome is possible, but we argue that for an economy with Japan … impact on domestic demand in Japan and on trade with the developing countries. …