structure of the debit card payment processing industry and caps debit card interchange fees for banks with over $10 billion in … increases in customer account fees. Some participants also predicted that banks would cut costs in response to the law by … fee income fell for treated banks, leading to a fall in noninterest income. We also find that banks only partially offset …

, and local versus nonlocal banks – in banking relationships. The conventional paradigm suggests that "community banks …

We examine the business model of traditional commercial banks in the context of their co-existence with shadow banks … banks create safe claims with a combination of costly equity capital and fixed income assets that allows their depositors to … contrast, shadow banks create safe claims by giving their investors an early exit option that allows them to seize collateral …

Using Bayesian methods, I estimate a DSGE model where a recession is initiated by losses suffered by banks and … banks hold little equity in excess of regulatory requirements, the losses require them to react immediately, either by … recapitalizing or by deleveraging. By deleveraging, banks transform the initial shock into a credit crunch, and, to the extent that …

real estate (CRE) loans at many banks, particularly loans used to finance construction and land development (CLD). In … January 2006, they issued guidance that required banks with specific high concentrations in those asset classes to tighten … managerial controls. This paper shows that banks with concentrations in excess of the thresholds set in the guidance subsequently …