level the carbon playing field and could have potential conflicts with World Trade Organization (WTO) provisions and …

countries. In each country, the incumbent autocrat will cater to the preferences of the elites when setting trade policy and the … manufacturing sector. This, in turn, can lead to a shift in the comparative advantage, a decision to open up to trade and an inflow …

systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography … economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade …, capital accumulation remained low and wealth inequality bounded. Geography and trade shaped the set of economically relevant …

assess whether induced productivity influences the extensive and intensive margin of exports. Relying on a rich firm … profits from, exports, especially towards countries adopting a more stringent environmental regulatory framework. Our evidence … provides a ‘green investment-based’ explanation for the link between TFP-heterogeneity and trade. …

commodity exporters reacts to oil prices, through the terms-of-trade. More specifically, when oil price variations are low, the … real effective exchange rates are not determined by terms-of-trade but by other usual fundamentals Nevertheless, when the … oil market is highly volatile, currencies follow an "oil currency" regime, terms-of-trade becoming an important driver of …