Fisheries managers in the United States are required to identify and mitigate the adverse impacts of fishing activity …-and-trade system for habitat conservation, individual habitat quotas for fisheries, to achieve habitat conservation and species …

affecting the fishing and the tourism sectors in two different IPCC SRES scenarios, the A2 and B1, varying in the future trends … through increases in fishing effort, due to lower availability of commercial fish species, and decrease in tourism demand …

threshold levels. This essay uses a stylized model of a coral reef to show how fishing may induce flips towards more algae …-dominated states. Threshold effects have consequences for fisheries management, which are analyzed for open access fisheries and sole …

, which are frequently characterized by open access. An important example is the degradation of open-access fisheries …

-entry fishery. Because exit from limited-entry fisheries may be irreversible, the fisherman has an incentive to maintain the right … to fish (whether by actually fishing or by purchasing an annual license) even when the fishery is not profitable, in the … hope that conditions may improve. This incentive provides at least a partial explanation for excess capacity in fishing …