state system as such. Countries benefitting from oil and gas rents have been more resilient, because of their potential to …, in general, of the Arab states system. In this context, national oil companies can increasingly be conceptualized not …

This paper analyzes the efficient taxation of oil and capital income in an oil-dependent infinite-lived economy facing … competition and tax restrictions. The optimal tax rates on oil and capital strictly depend on the international tax system … type of tax restrictions and the use of oil (as an input or a consumer good). Under the residence-based system, capital …

Increasing oil security represents one of the most important policy actions, especially within IEA countries. Short and … long term mechanisms could help such goal. On the short term side, revision of IEA emergency response oil stock system has … stocks, and an increase in the physical amount of oil stocks. Long term measures for enhancing oil supply security can be …