Geography has long been considered as a fundamental prerequisite for economic development and growth. In recent years …, a growing number of papers have considered the role of physical geography as a determinant of regional growth and …

systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography …, capital accumulation remained low and wealth inequality bounded. Geography and trade shaped the set of economically relevant …

development almost naturally follows a history-dependent spatial diffusion influenced by both physical geography and the quality …