in all the simulations after 2025. In a second part of the paper a cost effectiveness analysis of adaptation in Nigeria … agriculture is conducted. Adaptation practices considered are a mix of cheaper “soft measures” and more costly “hard” irrigation … adaptation exploiting low cost opportunities. In this case all climate change damages can be offset with a benefit cost ration …

environment and the economy in the context of climate change. Although it has also long been recognized that adaptation is a … of adaptation in combating climate change. This paper adds to the IAM and climate change literature by explicitly … including adaptation in an IAM, thereby making the trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation visible. Specifically, a …

The dominant assumption in economic models of climate policy remains that adaptation will be implemented in an optimal … manner. There are, however, several reasons why optimal levels of adaptation may not be attainable. This paper investigates … the effects of suboptimal levels of adaptation, i.e. adaptation restrictions, on the composition and level of climate …

This paper contributes to the normative literature on mitigation and adaptation by framing the question of their … absence of a coordinated global agreement on climate change and to realign the policy balance from adaptation toward more … mitigation. Our analysis also shows that adaptation transfers from and strategic unilateral commitments to adaptation in …

induced by climate change in the next decades. Autonomous adaptation induced by changes in relative prices and in stocks of …

The Development Marketplace 2009 focused on adaptation to climate change. This paper identifies lessons from the … Marketplace and assesses their implications for adaptation support. Our findings are based on: statistical tabulation of all …-based adaptation should: exploit its strong local grounding and synergies with development; help connect local initiatives to higher …

costs, hide the presence of a third category, namely adaptation costs. This dodges the determination of an appropriate level … for them. Including adaptation costs explicitly in the total environmental cost function allows one to characterize the … for cost benefit analysis of adaptation expenditures. …