costs, hide the presence of a third category, namely adaptation costs. This dodges the determination of an appropriate level … for them. Including adaptation costs explicitly in the total environmental cost function allows one to characterize the … for cost benefit analysis of adaptation expenditures. …

This paper contributes to the normative literature on mitigation and adaptation by framing the question of their … mitigation. Our analysis also shows that adaptation transfers from and strategic unilateral commitments to adaptation in … to address with mitigation Our second conclusion is that supporting adaptation in developing countries should be …

adaptation and mitigation expenditures in a cost-effective setting in which countries cooperate to achieve a long … different adaptation modes (reactive and anticipatory), mitigation, and capacity-building to analyse the optimal portfolio of … investments in mitigation followed by large adaptation expenditures a few decades later. Hence, the possibility to adapt does not …

It has become commonly accepted that a successful climate strategy should compound mitigation and adaptation. The … accurate combination between adaptation and mitigation that can best address climate change is still an open question. This … paper proposes a framework that integrates mitigation, adaptation, and climate change residual damages into an optimisation …

Climate change mitigation can be achieved, according to many, by means of Reducing emissions from deforestation and …

induced by climate change in the next decades. Autonomous adaptation induced by changes in relative prices and in stocks of …

Globally as well as in China, cities have contributed to most of the economic output and have accordingly given rise to … whatever climate commitments beyond 2020 that China may take. Given the paramount importance of cities, China is practicing low … characteristics of China’s LCC development. The paper then identifies eight problems and challenges for China’s LCC development …

China has gradually recognized that the conventional path of encouraging economic growth at the expense of the … environment cannot be sustained. It has to be changed. This article focuses on China’s efforts towards energy conservation and …

-called “when flexibility" controversy since the early 1990s dealing with the optimal timing of mitigation efforts and the Social …

policies on long-term mitigation targets. We define a weak-policy baseline scenario, which extrapolates the current policy … the weak policy pathway until 2020 or 2030 before pursuing the long-term mitigation target with global cooperative action … investments in fossil-based capacities, (c) higher long-term mitigation costs and carbon prices and (d) stronger transitional …