We study whether the combined significant reduction in the pupil-teacher ratio and increase in parental education … parental education has had an even stronger impact on attainment. We also find that the positive impact of better school … quality on educational attainment and returns to education has been particularly significant for the individuals born in …

duration of residence, the higher the level of education, and for immigrants not from Asia. Large positive correlations in the …

. We compare these estimates to contributions from racial differences in owner's education, startup capital, geographical …