Four decades ago, Nathan Glazer and Daniel Patrick Moynihan made the argument that the black family "was not strong … examining whether racial differences in family business backgrounds can explain why black-owned businesses lag substantially … that black business owners have a relatively disadvantaged family business background compared with white business owners …

causes of intergenerational links in business ownership and the related issue of how having a family business background …-employed family member prior to starting their business. Conditional on having a self-employed family member, less than 50 percent of … small business owners worked in that family member's business suggesting that it is unlikely that intergenerational links in …