"In many countries, college-bound high school seniors must pass a test or series of tests. In Israel, this requirement is known as the "Bagrut", or matriculation certificate, obtained by passing a series of subject tests. In spite of the Bagrut's value, Israeli society is marked by vast...

"Do government provided training programs benefit the participants and the society? We address this question in the context of female immigrants who first learn the new language and then choose between working or attending government provided training. Although theoretically training may have...