"Using Finnish panel data, we study how entrepreneurs differ from workers in education and income dynamics. We find … that workers have higher median income in all educational groups. Without additional controls, entrepreneurs have higher … average income with all but undergraduate level of education. However, random effects and matching models suggest that …

effect on the wages of individual workers and can lead them to economic success. We employ recent data from the German … for Germans who are in the upper end of the income distribution. “Rich” self-employed Germans enjoy a wage premium …