This paper presents - in a new way of examination and portrayal - the extent and changes of nonstandard employment … central outcome is neither the complaint of the eroding "standard employment relationship" nor of its potential … "precariousness"; it is rather the requirement of increasing variability in employment relations due to rising employment …

training: the expected wage. However, training might have no direct effect on wage, but, nevertheless, affect employment … reservations, we formulate an estimable stochastic dynamic discrete choice model of training and employment. Our estimates imply …