effect on the wages of individual workers and can lead them to economic success. We employ recent data from the German … for Germans who are in the upper end of the income distribution. “Rich” self-employed Germans enjoy a wage premium …

"When studying income differences and income distribution, the self-employed are often excluded from the population … extent as incomes from being an employee. On the other hand it is a problem to exclude the self-employed when studying income … average income from self-employment compared to the average wage income. This is the case when we study incomes for immigrants …